A new study by UC Davis Health and Oregon Health & Science University has uncovered significant racial and ethnic disparities in dementia care across the United States. The research, published in Alzheimer’s & Dementia, reveals that individuals from minoritized populations face greater challenges in receiving timely and accurate dementia diagnoses, as well as appropriate treatment and end-of-life care.
The study, which analyzed 71 research papers from 2000 to 2022, found that compared to non-Hispanic whites, minority patients experienced longer delays in diagnosis. For instance, it took 11% longer for Black Americans and 40% longer for Hispanic Americans to receive a diagnosis. Additionally, Asian American older adults were less likely to undergo diagnostic evaluations for cognitive impairment.
Treatment disparities were also evident, with minoritized populations less likely to be prescribed anti-dementia medications. Black and Hispanic American patients showed higher rates of discontinuing these medications. In terms of end-of-life care, Black Americans with dementia were less likely to receive hospice care and more likely to undergo aggressive life-sustaining treatments.
“Our review provides timely and compelling evidence of disparities in health care quality and access for people living with dementia from minoritized populations,” said lead author Ladson Hinton, a professor at UC Davis. The researchers emphasized the need for targeted initiatives to empower patients and caregivers, as well as policy changes to address systemic racism and promote health equity.
The study’s authors recommend improving cultural competence in clinical care, reducing bias through education and training, and ensuring that promising interventions reach those who need them most. “To make real progress in achieving equity and closing the gaps in outcomes for Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias, we must do more,” stressed senior author Ana R. Quiñones from Oregon Health & Science University.
See “Study finds significant disparities in diagnosis and treatment of dementia” (January 25, 2024)
