Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affects children of all races at similar rates, but Black children are far less likely to be diagnosed or treated. This disparity isn’t due to biology—it’s rooted in bias, stereotyping, and a long history of discrimination in healthcare.
Most ADHD research has focused on white boys, leaving gaps in understanding how the condition presents in other groups. Clinicians often rely on tools and norms that don’t reflect the experiences of Black children. Even standardized assessments can be skewed. Studies show that the same behavior is rated differently depending on the race of the child and the observer.
Black parents tend to rate their children higher on ADHD symptom scales than white parents, but this doesn’t always lead to better care. In fact, Black youth are more likely to be misdiagnosed with conduct disorders or to discontinue treatment altogether. The reasons are complex—ranging from mistrust of the medical system to cultural differences in parenting and communication styles.
Exposure to racism and trauma also plays a role. These experiences can mimic or worsen ADHD symptoms, making accurate diagnosis even harder. Children of color face more social adversity, which can blur the line between behavioral symptoms and environmental stress.
Clinicians must be aware of these dynamics. Without culturally sensitive evaluations and a deeper understanding of racial bias, too many Black children will continue to be overlooked or misdiagnosed—missing out on the support they need to thrive.
See: “Racial Bias Impairs ADHD Diagnosis and Treatment for Black Children” (September 4, 2025)
