A new study by Johns Hopkins researchers has revealed that hairstylists serving Black and Latina clients are exposed to alarmingly high levels of airborne toxins in their workplace. The research, published in the Journal of Environmental Exposure Assessment, is the first to report indoor air concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in U.S. hair salons catering to these demographics.
The study found that median VOC concentrations in salons were two to 175 times higher than in office spaces. This exposure poses significant health risks, particularly for female hairstylists of reproductive age who work during critical periods before and during pregnancy.
“At the root of the problem are the products used on clients’ hair,” explains Lesliam Quirós-Alcalá, senior study author and associate professor in the Department of Environmental Health and Engineering. “Manufacturers of hair care products need to focus on developing safer options that don’t put hairstylists or consumers in harm’s way.”
The chemicals found in hair relaxers, dyes, and other salon products have been linked to neurodevelopmental and reproductive effects in animal studies. Additionally, these compounds are associated with respiratory and cardiovascular issues, skin irritation, and cancer.
Black and Latina hairstylists, who make up about 30% of this predominantly female, low-wage workforce, face multiple challenges. These include exposure to both chemical and non-chemical stressors, as well as limited access to health care and health insurance, potentially exacerbating their health risks.
To mitigate these risks, researchers recommend improving ventilation in salons. Simple measures such as opening doors and windows, using fans and air purifiers, and wearing protective gear during chemical-intensive services can significantly reduce exposure to harmful VOCs.
This study highlights the urgent need for safer hair care products and improved workplace conditions to protect the health of hairstylists and their clients, particularly in minority communities.
See: “Hairstylists serving Black and Latina clients exposed to high concentrations of airborne toxins” (January 16, 2025)
