Gestational diabetes has climbed relentlessly across America since 2016, but the burden falls disproportionately on women from minority communities, according to new research from Northwestern Medicine analyzing over 12 million births.
The condition increased 36% nationally from 2016 to 2024, yet rates among American Indian and Alaska Native women reached 137 per 1,000 births—nearly double the national average. Asian women experienced 131 cases per 1,000 births, while Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander women saw 126 per 1,000.
By contrast, white women had 71 cases per 1,000 births and Black women 67 per 1,000. Hispanic women fell in between at 85 per 1,000.
Dr. Nilay Shah, senior author and assistant professor of cardiology at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, noted these populations remain underrepresented in health research. “We actually understand very little about why these groups have such high rates,” he said.
The condition carries serious consequences, increasing risks of future diabetes and heart disease for both mothers and children. Shah pointed to declining health among young Americans—poor diets, reduced exercise, and rising obesity—as likely drivers.
Medical student Emily Lam emphasized that significant variation exists within Asian and Hispanic populations, differences often overlooked in research.
Shah stressed the findings reveal inadequate support for young women’s health, particularly before and during pregnancy. He called for public health interventions ensuring all people can access quality care and maintain healthy behaviors.
See: “Gestational diabetes rose every year in the US since 2016, study finds” (December 29, 2025)
