Early-onset lung cancer (EOLC), defined as occurring in adults under 50, is rising sharply across Asia, accounting for nearly 76% of global cases. This surge is especially pronounced in countries like China, India, and Indonesia, where air pollution and genetic susceptibility intersect to create a troubling health disparity.
Women are disproportionately affected, often presenting with adenocarcinoma and advanced-stage disease. “Females were found to be at greater risk compared to males,” noted a Korean cohort study. Many of these patients are never-smokers, yet they carry a high burden of genetic mutations, including EGFR, ALK, ROS1, and RET fusions. In younger patients, 88% were found to have at least one actionable mutation.
Environmental exposures compound the risk. Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and household air pollution from coal-burning stoves are major contributors. In North China, being under 50 and living in heavily polluted areas significantly increased lung cancer risk, especially among those with a family history of cancer.
Familial lung cancer also shows a stronger pattern in Asian populations. Individuals with affected first-degree relatives have a 50% higher risk, with women—particularly mothers—more vulnerable than men. Genetic factors, including rare autosomal mutations, may play a role.
Despite the growing threat, younger patients are often excluded from screening guidelines, which focus on older smokers. This gap delays diagnosis and worsens outcomes. “EOLC demands dedicated research, tailored screening strategies, and targeted interventions,” the review concludes.
See: “Early-onset lung cancer in Asia: a narrative review” (August 4, 2025)
